1. Key Policies and Initiatives
Economic Reforms:
Make in India: Aimed at boosting manufacturing and making India a global hub for production.
Digital India: Promoting digital literacy, e-governance, and technology-based solutions.
Demonetization (2016): The sudden invalidation of ₹500 and ₹1,000 currency notes to combat black money, corruption, and counterfeit currency.
Goods and Services Tax (GST): Implemented a unified indirect tax system across the
country to simplify taxation.
Jan Dhan Yojana: Financial inclusion program aimed at providing bank accounts to unbanked citizens.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India): Launched during the COVID-19 pandemic to promote self-sufficiency and reduce dependency on imports.
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Infrastructure Development:
Ujjwala Yojana: Provided free LPG gas connections to rural households to reduce dependence on traditional fuels.
PM Awas Yojana: Housing for all with affordable homes for urban and rural poor.
Bharatmala and Sagarmala Projects: Focused on developing roads, highways, and port infrastructure.
Social and Welfare Programs:
Ayushman Bharat: World’s largest health insurance scheme providing free medical coverage to economically weaker sections.
PM-Kisan: Income support to small and marginal farmers.
Education and Labor:
New Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Comprehensive reforms in the Indian education system, emphasizing skill development and digital learning.
Labour Codes: Consolidated 29 labor laws into four codes to simplify compliance and improve worker conditions.
The Modi government has emphasized improving India’s global standing:
Strong Relationship with the US and Western Countries: Boosted India’s image as a strategic partner.
Focus on China: Managed growing tensions, particularly after the Doklam standoff and the Galwan Valley clashes.
While Modi’s administration has received praise, it has also faced criticism for some decisions:
Article 370 Abrogation (2019): Revoked Jammu & Kashmir's special status, leading to international and domestic controversy.
Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA): Aimed at granting citizenship to non-Muslim refugees from neighboring countries, sparking protests.
Farm Laws (2020): These agricultural reforms were repealed after massive farmer protests.
Clampdown in Kashmir: Internet shutdowns and security measures in Jammu & Kashmir after Article 370 abrogation faced global criticism.
Handling of Dissent: Accusations of curbing free speech, arresting activists, and using sedition laws against critics.
COVID-19 Management: While praised for the vaccine rollout, the second wave of COVID-19 exposed gaps in the healthcare system.
4. Economic Challenges
Unemployment: Critics point to high unemployment rates despite economic reforms.
Economic Slowdown: GDP growth slowed during certain periods, exacerbated by the pandemic.
Privatization: The push for privatizing public sector enterprises has received mixed reactions.
5. Social and Cultural Impact
Promotion of Hindutva: Modi’s government has often been associated with promoting Hindu nationalist sentiments, which critics claim alienates minorities.
Mob Lynching and Communal Violence: Critics point to a rise in communal tensions during his tenure.
Media Freedom: Concerns about press freedom and alleged suppression of dissenting voices.
Supporters hail Modi’s administration for its focus on nationalism, development, and making India a global power. Critics, however, argue that some of his policies have widened social divides and undermined democratic institutions.
The Modi government continues to enjoy significant support, with its emphasis on a strong leadership image, efficient governance, and a focus on building a "New India."
